PMC

(a) Storage and loss moduli and (b) loss modulus versus frequency for Sample 2 from the Rayleigh wave propagation method in the frequency range from 40 Hz to 4 kHz and those from the rheometry in the frequency range from 1 to 12 Hz. : storage modulus from the Rayleigh wave method, 12 hours after curing; : loss modulus from the Rayleigh wave method, 12 hours after curing; : storage modulus from the Rayleigh wave method, 3 hours after curing; : loss modulus from the Rayleigh wave method, 3 hours after curing; : storage modulus from the rheometry; : loss modulus from the rheometry; : loss factor from the Rayleigh wave method, 12 hours after curing; : loss factor from the rheometry; : regression for storage modulus from the Rayleigh wave method, 12 hours after curing; : regression for loss modulus from the Rayleigh wave method, 12 hours after curing; : regression for loss factor. (Regressions are to guide the eye)

Storage process and three implementation methods: The general storage processing of DNA files is improved with the self-contained method. The red dashed box represents the design of file format while the first blue dashed box below represents intuitive method: combining the data files that adopt the same tool (e.g., using the same compression program) together. However, this method is not well suitable for DNA storage. The second blue dashed box indicates that each file is packaged separately which we call this method one-to-one continuous storage (1-1CS) method—the data and tools are stored together. In contrast, the third box represents discontinuous storage method where the tools and data are stored separately (separate-storage method), which is desired to minimise the data redundancy.

The process of conversion and storage method.

Storage density. (a) presents the storage density when storing different files using three methods. In the ideal case, only the compressed data will be stored and its compressor will be ignored. Note that the M-1CI and 1-MCI methods present the same storage density performance, hence they are represented using only one bar. Thanks to the avoidance of the data redundancy, the 1-MCI and M-1CI method demonstrate higher storage density compared with the 1-1CS. (b) shows the storage density of these methods when storing all the data. Again in this case, both 1-MCI and M-1CI present nearly the same storage density performance, which outperform the 1-1CS method.